CVE-2023-30591

HIGHNVD 7.58.3
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 8.3 because EPSS predicted 59% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized
8.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 59%
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 59%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Denial-of-service in NodeBB <= v2.8.10 allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger a crash, when invoking eventName.startsWith() or eventName.toString(), while processing Socket.IO messages via crafted Socket.IO messages containing array or object type for the event name respectively.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
8.3HIGHhigh confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation65% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
59%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.3 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 7.5 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
59% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-20). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 29, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 21, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page🟡 PoC Available

(CVE-2023-30591) NodeBB Pre-Authentication Denial-of-Service | STAR Labs

https://starlabs.sg/advisories/23/23-30591/
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 830f142b7aea (NodeBB/NodeBB)

Patch available: NodeBB/NodeBB v4.10.1 (contains commit 830f142b7aea)

https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/commit/830f142b7aea2e597294a84d52c05aab3a3539ca
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 4d2d76897a02 (NodeBB/NodeBB)

Patch available: NodeBB/NodeBB v4.10.1 (contains commit 4d2d76897a02)

https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/commit/4d2d76897a02e7068ab74c81d17a2febfae8bfb9
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 37b48b82a4bc (NodeBB/NodeBB)

Patch available: NodeBB/NodeBB v4.10.1 (contains commit 37b48b82a4bc)

https://github.com/NodeBB/NodeBB/commit/37b48b82a4bc7680c6e4c42647209010cb239c2c

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 87 of 165 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 13 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 78 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  3. 2026-10-21 02:06 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-21 02:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mp98-q49w-jjhw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  5. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 08:04 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  12. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-13 00:24 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-10-12 18:28 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-10-11 21:54 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
Show 62 more
  1. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-09-30 16:22 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.20
  3. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 59% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  5. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  6. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  7. 2026-09-22 22:31 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  9. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  10. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-09-13 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  12. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  13. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  14. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  15. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  16. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  17. 2026-09-03 17:29 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  19. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  20. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  22. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  23. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  24. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  25. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  26. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  27. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  28. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  29. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  30. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  31. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  32. 2026-08-17 06:57 UTCOSV refresh
  33. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  34. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  35. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  36. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  37. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  38. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  39. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  40. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  41. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  42. 2026-08-02 01:36 UTCOSV refresh
  43. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  44. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  45. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  46. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  47. 2026-07-27 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  48. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  49. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  50. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  51. 2026-07-23 02:21 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.60
  52. 2026-07-22 23:09 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  54. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  55. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  56. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  57. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  58. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  59. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  60. 2026-07-15 08:49 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile
  62. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 54% · 98th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-30591?
CVE-2023-30591 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 29, 2023. Denial-of-service in NodeBB <= v2.8.10 allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger a crash, when invoking eventName.startsWith() or eventName.toString(), while processing Socket.IO messages via crafted Socket.IO messages containing array or object type for the event name respectively.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-30591 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-30591 was published on September 29, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-30591 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-30591 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: CISA's SSVC data says a public PoC exists and its EPSS is 50% or more. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 59% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-30591?
CVE-2023-30591 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 8.3 (HIGH).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-30591?
A fix for CVE-2023-30591 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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