CVE-2023-28770

HIGHNVD 7.58.3▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 8.3 because EPSS predicts 58% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (top 1.0% of all CVEs). NVD baseline CVSS 7.5 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction ≥85%
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Weaponized
7.5
EchelonGraph verdictPatch this weekExploitation is likely or a public exploit exists.
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 58%
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 58%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

The sensitive information exposure vulnerability in the CGI “Export_Log” and the binary “zcmd” in Zyxel DX5401-B0 firmware versions prior to V5.17(ABYO.1)C0 could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read the system files and to retrieve the password of the supervisor from the encrypted file.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
8.3(high)
EG Risk
78(Attend)
EG Risk 78/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity83% × 45%
Exploitation65% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS
99.0%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 27, 2023

Last Modified

January 31, 2025

References (5)

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 35× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-23 02:21 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.80
  4. 2026-07-22 23:09 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
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  13. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
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  15. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  17. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-05 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
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  9. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
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  13. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  15. 2026-06-16 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  17. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-05-25 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-05-25 02:17 UTCGHSA enrichment

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Metasploitexploit/linux/http/zyxel_lfi_unauth_ssh_rce✓ verified
    First seen Feb 1, 2022

    Zyxel chained RCE using LFI and weak password derivation algorithm

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-28770?
CVE-2023-28770 is a high vulnerability published on April 27, 2023. The sensitive information exposure vulnerability in the CGI “Export_Log” and the binary “zcmd” in Zyxel DX5401-B0 firmware versions prior to V5.17(ABYO.1)C0 could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read the system files and to retrieve the password of the supervisor from the encrypted file.
When was CVE-2023-28770 disclosed?
CVE-2023-28770 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 27, 2023, with the most recent update on January 31, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-28770 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-28770 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 99.0% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28770?
CVE-2023-28770 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 8.3.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28770?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-28770, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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