CVE-2023-28321

MEDIUMNVD 5.95.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.9 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2023-05-26. NVD baseline CVSS 5.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
5.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.8%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl xn-- and should not be allowed to pattern match, but the wildcard check in curl could still check for x*, which would match even though the IDN name most likely contained nothing even resembling an x.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
43
EG Risk 43/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity59% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
1.8%
EPSS %ILE
77th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

May 26, 2023

Last Modified

January 15, 2025

References (24)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-28321(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(8)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibcurl4-openssl-dev (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.19+esm9) @ xenial2026-05-25ubuntu
ubuntucurl (7.68.0-1ubuntu2.19) @ focal2026-05-25ubuntu
redhatcurl-0:7.61.1-22.el8_6.92023-11-02redhat
redhatcurl-0:7.76.1-14.el9_0.72023-10-10redhat
redhatjbcs-httpd24-curl-0:8.2.1-1.el7jbcs2023-08-15redhat
redhatjbcs-httpd24-curl2023-08-15redhat
redhatcurl-0:7.61.1-30.el8_8.32023-08-08redhat
redhatcurl-0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.22023-08-01redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(15 across 15 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.15(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.16(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.17(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.18(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—8.1.0-r0—
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl7.64.0-4 ... 7.64.0-4+deb10u6 (7 versions)7.64.0-4+deb10u7—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl7.74.0-1.3 ... 7.74.0-1.3+deb11u8 (10 versions)7.74.0-1.3+deb11u9—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—7.88.1-10—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—7.88.1-10—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
curl—7.88.1-10—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(6)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 23× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 183 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-30 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
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  16. 2026-08-17 16:59 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescore
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  27. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  49. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-07-22 23:08 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
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  65. 2026-07-15 19:23 UTCOSV refresh
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-28321?
CVE-2023-28321 is a medium vulnerability published on May 26, 2023. An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as "Subject Alternative Name" in TLS server certificates. curl can be built to use its own name matching function for TLS rather than one provided by a TLS…
When was CVE-2023-28321 disclosed?
CVE-2023-28321 was first published on May 26, 2023, with the most recent update on January 15, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-28321 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-28321 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (77th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28321?
CVE-2023-28321 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28321?
A fix for CVE-2023-28321 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-28321 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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