CVE-2023-2825

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2023-05-26. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized
10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 72%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 72%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting only version 16.0.0. An unauthenticated malicious user can use a path traversal vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the server when an attachment exists in a public project nested within at least five groups.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
89
EG Risk 89/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation72% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
EPSS PROB
72%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
72% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 26, 2023

Last Modified

January 15, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 17, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

2023/CVE-2023-2825.json · master · GitLab.org / GitLab CVE assignments · GitLab

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-2825.json
Web page

Arbitrary file read in project uploads controller via path traversal (#412371) · Issues · GitLab.org / GitLab · GitLab

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/412371

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-2825(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 19× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 91 of 130 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 9 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 39 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-10-23 15:03 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-23 15:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-10-22 13:20 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-22 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-10-21 11:38 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-21 11:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-10-20 09:58 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-20 09:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-19 08:16 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-19 08:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-10-18 06:35 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-18 06:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  17. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  20. 2026-10-16 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-16 03:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  22. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 23:15 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-14 23:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  25. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
Show 66 more
  1. 2026-10-13 19:02 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-13 19:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-10-11 21:55 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  12. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  14. 2026-09-30 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-09-23 11:23 UTCOSV refresh
  21. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  22. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  29. 2026-09-04 05:59 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  32. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  35. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-08-17 16:59 UTCOSV refresh
  42. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  45. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  48. 2026-08-02 12:27 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-07-22 23:08 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  59. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-07-15 19:49 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  63. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  66. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(4 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 2 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. No fix is confirmed yet, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is published.

  • Metasploitauxiliary/gather/gitlab_authenticated_subgroups_file_read✓ verified
    Published Jun 7, 2023

    GitLab Authenticated File Read

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCGroppoxx/CVE-2023-2825-PoC
    Published May 17, 2026

    PoC for CVE-2023-2825: automated GitLab 16.0.0 arbitrary file read via nested public groups, project upload traversal, reusable upload paths, and clean CLI output.

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-2825.yaml
    Published May 30, 2023

    GitLab 16.0.0 - Path Traversal

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCOccamsec/CVE-2023-2825
    Published May 25, 2023

    GitLab CVE-2023-2825 PoC. This PoC leverages a path traversal vulnerability to retrieve the /etc/passwd file from a system running GitLab 16.0.0.

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-2825?
CVE-2023-2825 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 26, 2023. An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting only version 16.0.0. An unauthenticated malicious user can use a path traversal vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the server when an attachment exists in a public project nested within at least five groups.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-2825 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-2825 was published on May 26, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of January 15, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-2825 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-2825 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it, and CISA's SSVC data says a public PoC exists and its EPSS is 50% or more. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 72% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-2825?
CVE-2023-2825 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-2825?
No fix for CVE-2023-2825 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-2825 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-2825

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Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-2825?

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