CVE-2023-28229

CRITICALNVD 7.09.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-10-04), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 7.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 2%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · public exploitExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
9.0(high)
EG Risk
81(Attend)
EG Risk 81/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
2%
EPSS %ILE
75%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

April 11, 2023

Last Modified

October 28, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jun 11, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa, microsoft.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28229
microsoft Patch Available

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center. Patch available via Microsoft Security Update

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28229

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 103× in last 7d / 445× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,473 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-08 13:36 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-09-08 13:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-09-08 09:58 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-09-08 09:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-09-08 06:20 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-09-08 06:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-09-08 02:41 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-09-08 02:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-09-07 23:04 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-09-07 23:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-09-07 19:26 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-09-07 19:26 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-09-07 19:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-07 15:48 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-09-07 15:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-07 12:10 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-09-07 12:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-09-07 08:32 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-09-07 08:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-09-07 04:52 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-07 04:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-07 01:13 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-09-07 01:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-09-06 21:34 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-06 21:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-09-06 17:55 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-09-06 17:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-09-06 14:16 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-06 14:16 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-09-06 14:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-06 10:38 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-06 10:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-09-06 07:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-09-06 03:22 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-09-06 03:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-09-05 23:44 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-09-05 23:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-09-05 20:04 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-09-05 20:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-05 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-05 16:26 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-09-05 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-05 12:48 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-05 12:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-05 09:10 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-09-05 09:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-09-05 05:32 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-09-05 05:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-09-05 01:54 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-09-05 01:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-09-04 22:16 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-09-04 22:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-09-04 18:36 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-09-04 18:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-09-04 17:38 UTCCISA KEV update
  34. 2026-09-04 14:57 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-04 14:57 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-09-04 14:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-09-04 11:19 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-09-04 11:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-09-04 07:41 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-09-04 07:41 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-09-04 07:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-09-04 03:59 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-09-04 03:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-09-04 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-09-04 00:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-09-03 20:39 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-09-03 20:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-09-03 17:02 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-09-03 17:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-09-03 13:22 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-09-03 13:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-09-03 09:44 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-09-03 09:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-09-03 06:06 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-09-03 06:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-09-03 02:28 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-09-03 02:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-09-02 22:49 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-09-02 22:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-09-02 19:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-09-02 17:33 UTCCISA KEV update
  64. 2026-09-02 15:27 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-09-02 15:27 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-09-02 15:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-09-02 11:47 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-09-02 11:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-09-02 08:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-09-02 04:30 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-09-02 04:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-09-02 00:47 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-09-02 00:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-09-01 21:09 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCbyt3n33dl3/CrackKeyIso
    First seen Mar 27, 2024

    it's a CVE-2023-28229 (Patched), but feel free to use it for check any outdated software or reseach

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCY3A/CVE-2023-28229
    First seen Sep 4, 2023
    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 is a critical vulnerability published on April 11, 2023. Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
When was CVE-2023-28229 disclosed?
CVE-2023-28229 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 11, 2023, with the most recent update on October 28, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-28229 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-28229 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on October 4, 2023, affecting Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-28229?
CVE-2023-28229 affects Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28229?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-28229, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-28229

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