CVE-2023-27581

HIGHNVD 8.88.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.6%, top 27% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

github-slug-action is a GitHub Action to expose slug value of GitHub environment variables inside of one's GitHub workflow. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 4.4.1, this action uses the github.head_ref` parameter in an insecure way. This vulnerability can be triggered by any user on GitHub on any workflow using the action on pull requests. They just need to create a pull request with a branch name, which can contain the attack payload. This can be used to execute code on the GitHub runners and to exfiltrate any secrets one uses in the CI pipeline. A patched action is available in version 4.4.1. No workaround is available.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8(medium)
EG Risk
40(Track)
EG Risk 40/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity88% × 45%
Exploitation2% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
2%
EPSS %ILE
74%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 13, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 27, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
generic

Redirecting…

https://securitylab.github.com/research/github-actions-untrusted-input/
github Patch Available

github-slug-action vulnerable to arbitrary code execution · Advisory · rlespinasse/github-slug-action · GitHub

https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/security/advisories/GHSA-6q4m-7476-932w
github_release Patch Available

v4.4.1

Patch available: rlespinasse/github-slug-action v4.4.1

https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/releases/tag/v4.4.1
github_commit Patch Available

commit 102b1a064a9b (rlespinasse/github-slug-action)

Patch available: rlespinasse/github-slug-action v4.4.1 (contains commit 102b1a064a9b)

https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/commit/102b1a064a9b145e56556e22b18b19c624538d94

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 158 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-04 13:29 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-18 00:59 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescore
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  14. 2026-08-02 19:27 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  17. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  19. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  23. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-07-27 14:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  27. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-07-22 23:08 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  36. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  42. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-16 03:23 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-07 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-05 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-04 06:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-29 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-28 03:34 UTCOSV refresh
  75. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-27581?
CVE-2023-27581 is a high vulnerability published on March 13, 2023. github-slug-action is a GitHub Action to expose slug value of GitHub environment variables inside of one's GitHub workflow. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 4.4.1, this action uses the github.head_ref` parameter in an insecure way. This vulnerability can be triggered by any user on…
When was CVE-2023-27581 disclosed?
CVE-2023-27581 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 13, 2023, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-27581 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-27581 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 26.1% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-27581?
CVE-2023-27581 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-27581?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-27581, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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