CVE-2023-2728

MEDIUMNVD 6.56.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 4.7%, top 10% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
6.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account’s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5(medium)
EPSS
80.0%
KEV
Not listed

Published

July 3, 2023

Last Modified

February 13, 2025

References (8)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-2728(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatmicroshift-0:4.14.0-202310261440.p0.g1586504.assembly.4.14.0.el92023-10-31redhat
redhatwasmedge-0:0.12.1-2.rhaos4.14.el92023-10-31redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
k8s.io/kubernetes—1.27.3—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  9. 2026-07-05 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-04 06:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  15. 2026-06-29 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-27 17:04 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 56 more
  1. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  16. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-10 03:47 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
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  34. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-24 22:08 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-05-24 22:08 UTCVendor advisory

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-2728?
CVE-2023-2728 is a medium vulnerability published on July 3, 2023. Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account’s secrets field.…
When was CVE-2023-2728 disclosed?
CVE-2023-2728 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on July 3, 2023, with the most recent update on February 13, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-2728 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-2728 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 80.0% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-2728?
CVE-2023-2728 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-2728?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-2728, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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