A command injection vulnerability in the function restore_rrddata() of Netgate pfSense v2.7.0 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via manipulating the contents of an XML file supplied to the component config.xml.
CVE-2023-27253
“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 90% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.
- High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 90%
- Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
An upstream fix is merged but not yet released — mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation) until the release ships, then apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 8.8
- EG Score
- 9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 75EG Risk 75/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity88% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation90% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines until it ships, then apply the release. - EPSS PROB
- 90%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 8.8 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.
- EG Severity
- 8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 90% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-23). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines until it ships, then apply the release.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
March 17, 2023
Last Modified
November 21, 2024
Advisory Details (3)
Auto-updated Aug 12, 2026Bug #13935: RRD restore process does not sanitize filenames from backup XML - pfSense - pfSense bugtracker
https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/13935commit ca80d18493f8 (pfsense/pfsense)
Fix landed in pfsense/pfsense commit ca80d18493f8 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/commit/ca80d18493f8f91b21933ebd6b714215ae1e5e94Locked Out | Packet Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173487/pfSense-Restore-RRD-Data-Command-Injection.htmlWeakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 84 of 97 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 16 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 13 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-24 03:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 03:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-23 03:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 03:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-22 03:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 03:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-21 03:04 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 03:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-20 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 02:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-19 02:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 02:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-18 08:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 02:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 02:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-17 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 02:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-16 02:01 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-14 21:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-13 17:35 UTCEG score recompute
Show 59 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-13 17:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-12 17:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 17:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-11 21:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-30 20:40 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-30 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-12 02:40 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-24 07:58 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-08 04:26 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 21:24 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.20
- 2026-07-22 21:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mh3m-qv7g-hjvv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
- 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-16 02:53 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-15 01:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-28 03:04 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 91% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-10 13:47 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
Publicly available exploits
(2 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 1 Exploit-DB entry). The fix is not yet in a release, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until it ships.
- Metasploitexploit/unix/http/pfsense_config_data_exec✓ verifiedPublished Jul 12, 2023
pfSense Restore RRD Data Command Injection
Open source ↗ - Exploit-DBEDB-51608Published Jul 20, 2023
pfSense v2.7.0 - OS Command Injection
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Frequently asked(5)
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Dependency Blast Radius
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