CVE-2023-25574

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3%, top 75% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
10.0
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only users that has configured a JupyterHub installation to use the authenticator class LTI13Authenticator are affected. jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator version 1.4.0 removes LTI13Authenticator to address the issue. No known workarounds are available.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0(medium)
EG Risk
60(Track)
EG Risk 60/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity100% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
25.1%
KEV
Not listed

Published

February 25, 2025

Last Modified

September 2, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 18, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available

LTI13Authenticator: JWT signature not validated · Advisory · jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator · GitHub

https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/security/advisories/GHSA-mcgx-2gcr-p3hp
generic

ltiauthenticator/CHANGELOG.md at main · jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator · GitHub

https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md#140---2023-03-01
generic

ltiauthenticator/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py at 3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3 · jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator · GitHub

https://github.com/jupyterhub/ltiauthenticator/blob/3feec2e81b9d3b0ad6b58ab4226af640833039f3/ltiauthenticator/lti13/validator.py#L122-L164

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-25574(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator0.1 ... 1.3.0 (8 versions)——

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 50× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 102 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-07-23 02:19 UTCEG score recompute
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  74. 2026-05-30 11:16 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-05-30 02:05 UTCOSV refresh

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-25574?
CVE-2023-25574 is a critical vulnerability published on February 25, 2025. jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator is a JupyterHub authenticator for learning tools interoperability (LTI). LTI13Authenticator that was introduced in jupyterhub-ltiauthenticator 1.3.0 wasn't validating JWT signatures. This is believed to allow the LTI13Authenticator to authorize a forged request. Only…
When was CVE-2023-25574 disclosed?
CVE-2023-25574 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on February 25, 2025, with the most recent update on September 2, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-25574 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-25574 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 25.1% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-25574?
CVE-2023-25574 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-25574?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-25574, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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