CVE-2023-22491

MEDIUMNVD 5.45.4—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6% (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
5.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 5.4Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Gatsby is a free and open source framework based on React that helps developers build websites and apps. The gatsby-transformer-remark plugin prior to versions 5.25.1 and 6.3.2 passes input through to the gray-matter npm package, which is vulnerable to JavaScript injection in its default configuration, unless input is sanitized. The vulnerability is present in gatsby-transformer-remark when passing input in data mode (querying MarkdownRemark nodes via GraphQL). Injected JavaScript executes in the context of the build server. To exploit this vulnerability untrusted/unsanitized input would need to be sourced by or added into a file processed by gatsby-transformer-remark. A patch has been introduced in [email protected] and [email protected] which mitigates the issue by disabling the gray-matter JavaScript Frontmatter engine. As a workaround, if an older version of gatsby-transformer-remark must be used, input passed into the plugin should be sanitized ahead of processing. It is encouraged for projects to upgrade to the latest major release branch for all Gatsby plugins to ensure the latest security updates and bug fixes are received in a timely manner.

CVSS v3
5.4
EG Score
5.4MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
40
EG Risk 40/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity54% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
47th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

January 13, 2023

Last Modified

September 29, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Sep 12, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
githubMentions a patch (unverified)

Unsanitized JavaScript code injection possible in gatsby-transformer-remark · Advisory · gatsbyjs/gatsby · GitHub

https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/security/advisories/GHSA-7ch4-rr99-cqcw

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gatsby-transformer-remark—
  • 6.0.0 up to 6.3.2: fixed in 6.3.2
  • every version up to 5.25.1: fixed in 5.25.1
—

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 190 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-29 15:25 UTCEG score recompute▼ 2.70
  13. 2026-09-29 15:23 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 5.4 · severity → MEDIUM
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  58. 2026-07-23 02:18 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-07-22 23:06 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  75. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-22491?
CVE-2023-22491 is a medium vulnerability published on January 13, 2023. Gatsby is a free and open source framework based on React that helps developers build websites and apps. The gatsby-transformer-remark plugin prior to versions 5.25.1 and 6.3.2 passes input through to the gray-matter npm package, which is vulnerable to JavaScript injection in its default…
When was CVE-2023-22491 disclosed?
CVE-2023-22491 was first published on January 13, 2023, with the most recent update on September 29, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-22491 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-22491 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-22491?
CVE-2023-22491 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-22491?
A fix for CVE-2023-22491 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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