CVE-2023-2131

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-04-20. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2023-33651 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.7%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

The CVE record's CNA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Industrial Control Systems (ICS)) lists INEA ME RTU versions before 3.36 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Versions of INEA ME RTU firmware prior to 3.36 are vulnerable to OS command injection, which could allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.7%
EPSS %ILE
77th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-10). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 20, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
No fix on record yet. Sources: cisa.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 60× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 274 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 174 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 77th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 09:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-11 09:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-11-10 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  5. 2026-11-10 11:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-10 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  7. 2026-11-09 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  8. 2026-11-09 12:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-09 12:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  10. 2026-11-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  11. 2026-11-08 14:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-08 14:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  13. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  14. 2026-11-07 15:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-11-06 17:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-06 17:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  17. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  18. 2026-11-05 19:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-05 19:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  20. 2026-11-05 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  21. 2026-11-04 20:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-04 20:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  23. 2026-11-04 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  24. 2026-11-03 22:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-03 22:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-03 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  2. 2026-11-03 00:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-03 00:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-11-02 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  5. 2026-11-02 01:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-02 01:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  7. 2026-11-01 03:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-01 03:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  10. 2026-10-31 04:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-31 04:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  13. 2026-10-30 06:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-30 06:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  16. 2026-10-29 08:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-29 08:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  19. 2026-10-28 09:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-28 09:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  21. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  22. 2026-10-27 10:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-27 10:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  24. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  25. 2026-10-26 12:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  26. 2026-10-25 17:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  28. 2026-10-25 13:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-25 13:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  30. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  31. 2026-10-24 15:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  32. 2026-10-23 16:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-23 16:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  34. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  35. 2026-10-22 18:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-22 18:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  37. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  38. 2026-10-21 20:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-21 20:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  40. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  41. 2026-10-20 21:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-20 21:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  43. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  44. 2026-10-19 23:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-19 23:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  46. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  47. 2026-10-18 22:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-18 22:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  49. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  50. 2026-10-18 08:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-17 23:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-17 23:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  53. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  54. 2026-10-17 00:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-17 00:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  56. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  57. 2026-10-16 00:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-16 00:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  59. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  60. 2026-10-14 19:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-14 19:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  62. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  63. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  64. 2026-10-13 16:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  65. 2026-10-12 17:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-12 17:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-78gc-x3r7-4g3p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  67. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  68. 2026-10-11 22:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  70. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  71. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 76th percentile
  72. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 75th percentile
  73. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 75th percentile
  74. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 75th percentile
  75. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.7% · 75th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-2131?
CVE-2023-2131 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 20, 2023. Versions of INEA ME RTU firmware prior to 3.36 are vulnerable to OS command injection, which could allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-2131 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-2131 was published on April 20, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-2131 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-2131 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (77th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-2131?
CVE-2023-2131 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-2131?
No fix for CVE-2023-2131 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch for a fix. The CVE record's CNA (Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Industrial Control Systems (ICS)) lists INEA ME RTU versions before 3.36 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Dependency Blast Radius

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