CVE-2022-41328

CRITICALNVD 6.79.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-03-14), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 6.7 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.1 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • 3 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running an affected version — derived from Shodan data (© Shodan); a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 11%CVSS: 6.7Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: 3

Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above (from the CVE record's solution, Fortinet, Inc.) — apply it.

A improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory vulnerability ('path traversal') [CWE-22] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, 7.0.0 through 7.0.9 and before 6.4.11 allows a privileged attacker to read and write files on the underlying Linux system via crafted CLI commands.

Internet exposure · derived from Shodan data

3 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running a version that maps to CVE-2022-41328, in our KEV-Exposure radar’s Shodan-derived sample.

across 3 countries (Canada, Thailand, United States)top: fortios
See the KEV-Exposure radar →Derived from Shodan data. Shodan data is owned by Shodan, which holds its copyright (© Shodan). EchelonGraph claims no ownership of it or copyright in it. Aggregate, host-redacted.

How it counts: every 12 hours, when Shodan query credits allow, the radar runs one Shodan query per tracked product, reads up to 100 ip:port services per query, and keeps a service when its banner version matches a CISA-KEV or high-EPSS CVE; a service is dropped when neither a search nor a Shodan InternetDB port re-check has refreshed it for 21 days. A re-check that finds the port still listed by Shodan InternetDB refreshes the service without re-reading the banner, so a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open. A count is a banner-version inference over a sample, not an exploit test and not an internet-wide census, and the unit is a service, not a machine: a machine answering on two ports counts twice.

CVSS v3
6.7
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
72
EG Risk 72/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity71% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above (from the CVE record's solution, Fortinet, Inc.). Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.
EPSS PROB
11%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.1 HIGH.

EG Severity
7.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
11% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-23). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactTrack at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.

Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above (from the CVE record's solution, Fortinet, Inc.). Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply updates per vendor instructions.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-369 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41328

Published

March 7, 2023

Last Modified

October 24, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 20, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Fix named in the CVE record's solution (Fortinet, Inc.). Sources: cisa.
CISA🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-41328
Web page

PSIRT | FortiGuard Labs

https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-369

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 20× in last 7d / 185× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,139 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,039 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-24 03:36 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-24 03:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  3. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  4. 2026-10-23 03:52 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-23 03:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  6. 2026-10-22 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  7. 2026-10-22 04:07 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-22 04:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  9. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  10. 2026-10-21 04:18 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-21 04:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  12. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-20 04:34 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-20 04:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  15. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  16. 2026-10-19 04:49 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-19 04:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  18. 2026-10-18 05:04 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-18 05:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  20. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  21. 2026-10-17 05:18 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 05:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  23. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  24. 2026-10-16 05:33 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-16 05:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  2. 2026-10-15 05:47 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-15 05:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  4. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  5. 2026-10-14 06:01 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-14 06:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  7. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  8. 2026-10-13 06:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  9. 2026-10-12 18:47 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  11. 2026-10-12 06:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  12. 2026-10-12 02:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  13. 2026-10-11 22:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  14. 2026-10-11 22:11 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 18:38 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 18:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  17. 2026-10-11 14:41 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 14:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  19. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  20. 2026-10-11 10:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  21. 2026-10-11 06:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  22. 2026-10-11 02:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  23. 2026-10-10 22:47 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-10 22:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  25. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  26. 2026-10-10 18:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  27. 2026-10-10 14:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  28. 2026-10-10 10:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  29. 2026-10-10 06:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  30. 2026-10-10 02:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  31. 2026-10-09 23:02 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-09 23:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  33. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  34. 2026-10-09 19:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  35. 2026-10-09 15:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  36. 2026-10-09 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  37. 2026-10-09 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  38. 2026-10-09 03:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  39. 2026-10-08 23:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  40. 2026-10-08 19:17 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-08 19:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  42. 2026-10-08 17:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  43. 2026-10-08 15:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  44. 2026-10-08 11:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  45. 2026-10-08 07:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  46. 2026-10-08 03:25 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-10-08 03:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  48. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  49. 2026-10-07 23:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  50. 2026-10-07 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  51. 2026-10-07 15:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  52. 2026-10-07 11:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  53. 2026-10-07 07:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  54. 2026-10-07 03:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  55. 2026-10-06 23:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  56. 2026-10-06 19:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  57. 2026-10-06 15:45 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-10-06 15:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  59. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  60. 2026-10-06 11:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  61. 2026-10-06 07:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  62. 2026-10-06 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  63. 2026-10-05 23:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  64. 2026-10-05 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-10-05 19:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  66. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  67. 2026-10-05 16:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  68. 2026-10-05 12:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  69. 2026-10-05 08:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  70. 2026-10-05 04:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  71. 2026-10-05 00:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  72. 2026-10-04 20:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  73. 2026-10-04 16:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  74. 2026-10-04 12:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  75. 2026-10-04 08:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-prj2-6g47-x68h · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2022-41328?
CVE-2022-41328 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 7, 2023. A improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory vulnerability ('path traversal') [CWE-22] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, 7.0.0 through 7.0.9 and before 6.4.11 allows a privileged attacker to read and write files on the underlying Linux system via crafted CLI commands.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2022-41328 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2022-41328 was published on March 7, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 24, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-41328 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2022-41328 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on March 14, 2023, affecting Fortinet FortiOS. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above (from the CVE record's solution, Fortinet, Inc.). Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-41328?
CVE-2022-41328 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.7 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2022-41328?
CVE-2022-41328 affects Fortinet FortiOS.
How do I remediate CVE-2022-41328?
The CVE record's solution for CVE-2022-41328, written by its CNA Fortinet, Inc., names the fix: "Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above".

Dependency Blast Radius

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