CVE-2022-36231

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-02-24. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 3.0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

An upstream fix is merged but not yet released — mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation) until the release ships, then apply it.

pdf_info 0.5.3 is vulnerable to Command Execution because the Ruby code uses backticks instead of Open3.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high until it ships, then apply the release.
EPSS PROB
3.0%
EPSS %ILE
87th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
3.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-21). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high until it ships, then apply the release.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 23, 2023

Last Modified

March 13, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 10, 2026
Upstream fix merged — awaiting tagged release. Sources: github_pr.
Web page

pdf_info | RubyGems.org | your community gem host

https://rubygems.org/gems/pdf_info
GitHub pull request

Fix CVE command injection

Fix merged in newspaperclub/pdf_info PR #15 on 2023-03-03 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/newspaperclub/pdf_info/pull/15
Web page

"command execution" vulnerability, CVE-2022-36231 · Issue #16 · newspaperclub/pdf_info · GitHub

https://github.com/newspaperclub/pdf_info/issues/16
Web page

GitHub - affix/CVE-2022-36231: pdf_info <= 0.5.3 OS Command Injection · GitHub

https://github.com/affix/CVE-2022-36231

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
rubygemspdf_info—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pdf_info0.1.0 ... 0.5.3 (9 versions)
  • every version through 0.5.3: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 50× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 210 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 114 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-21 20:37 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-21 20:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  4. 2026-10-20 21:59 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-20 21:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  7. 2026-10-19 23:23 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-19 23:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 22:48 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-18 22:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 08:31 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-18 00:11 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-18 00:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  17. 2026-10-17 01:31 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-17 01:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  20. 2026-10-16 01:54 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-16 01:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 21:23 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-14 21:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-13 17:22 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-13 17:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 18:20 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 18:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fh3-j99m-f4v7 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  7. 2026-10-11 23:15 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  11. 2026-10-08 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 87th percentile
  13. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  15. 2026-10-04 23:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  16. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  17. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 15:59 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  21. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  24. 2026-09-23 19:41 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  26. 2026-09-20 20:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  27. 2026-09-19 15:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  28. 2026-09-17 19:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  29. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  30. 2026-09-15 03:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  31. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  33. 2026-09-11 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  34. 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  35. 2026-09-07 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  36. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  37. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 14:29 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  40. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  41. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  42. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  43. 2026-08-30 19:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  44. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  45. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  46. 2026-08-27 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  47. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  49. 2026-08-24 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  50. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  51. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  52. 2026-08-20 22:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  53. 2026-08-19 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  54. 2026-08-18 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  55. 2026-08-18 01:45 UTCOSV refresh
  56. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  58. 2026-08-16 02:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  59. 2026-08-15 01:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  60. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  62. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  63. 2026-08-10 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  64. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  65. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  66. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  67. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  68. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  69. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  70. 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.0% · 86th percentile
  71. 2026-08-02 20:57 UTCOSV refresh

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). The fix is not yet in a release, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until it ships.

  • GitHub PoCaffix/CVE-2022-36231
    Published Oct 26, 2022

    pdf_info <= 0.5.3 OS Command Injection

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2022-36231?
CVE-2022-36231 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 23, 2023. pdf_info 0.5.3 is vulnerable to Command Execution because the Ruby code uses backticks instead of Open3.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2022-36231 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2022-36231 was published on February 23, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of March 13, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-36231 actively exploited?
CVE-2022-36231 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 3.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (87th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-36231?
CVE-2022-36231 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2022-36231?
An upstream fix for CVE-2022-36231 has been merged but is not yet in a tagged release. Until it ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation, then update to the release that contains the fix.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2022-36231

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