CVE-2022-28281

HIGHNVD 8.88.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 8.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-12-22. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.6%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

If a compromised content process sent an unexpected number of WebAuthN Extensions in a Register command to the parent process, an out of bounds write would have occurred leading to memory corruption and a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 91.8, Firefox < 99, and Firefox ESR < 91.8.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
56
EG Risk 56/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity88% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
2.6%
EPSS %ILE
84th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

December 22, 2022

Last Modified

April 15, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 27, 2026
Patch available.
generic

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Thunderbird 91.8 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-15/
generic

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Firefox ESR 91.8 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-14/
generic

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Firefox 99 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-13/
generic

1755621 - (CVE-2022-28281) WinWebAuthnManager::Register stack-buffer overflow

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1755621

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2022-28281(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(12)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntufirefox-locale-ast (99.0+build2-0ubuntu0.21.10.2) @ impish2026-05-25ubuntu
ubuntuthunderbird-locale-id (1:91.8.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-25ubuntu
redhatthunderbird-0:91.8.0-1.el8_22022-04-12redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:91.8.0-1.el8_42022-04-11redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:91.8.0-1.el7_92022-04-11redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:91.8.0-1.el8_52022-04-11redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:91.8.0-1.el8_12022-04-11redhat
redhatfirefox-0:91.8.0-1.el8_22022-04-08redhat
redhatfirefox-0:91.8.0-1.el8_12022-04-08redhat
redhatfirefox-0:91.8.0-1.el8_42022-04-08redhat
redhatfirefox-0:91.8.0-1.el7_92022-04-08redhat
redhatfirefox-0:91.8.0-1.el8_52022-04-08redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(12 across 6 ecosystems)
Debian:10(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr60.7.2esr-1 ... 91.8.0esr-1~deb9u1 (142 versions)
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1~deb10u1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1~deb10u1
—
thunderbird1:60.7.2-1 ... 1:91.8.0-1~deb9u1 (179 versions)
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1~deb10u1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1~deb10u1
—
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr78.12.0esr-1 ... 91.8.0esr-1~deb9u1 (40 versions)
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1~deb11u1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1~deb11u1
—
thunderbird1:78.12.0-1 ... 1:91.8.0-1~deb9u1 (56 versions)
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1~deb11u1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1
—
Debian:13(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1
—
Debian:14(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1
—
Debian:9(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr45.9.0esr-1 ... 91.7.0esr-1~deb9u1 (249 versions)
  • every version up to 91.8.0esr-1~deb9u1: fixed in 91.8.0esr-1~deb9u1
—
thunderbird1.5-4 ... 1:91.7.0-2~deb9u1 (260 versions)
  • every version up to 1:91.8.0-1~deb9u1: fixed in 1:91.8.0-1~deb9u1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(10)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 6× in last 7d / 28× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 185 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-09-04 20:29 UTCOSV refresh
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  26. 2026-08-18 07:52 UTCOSV refresh
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  42. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  54. 2026-07-22 22:57 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-07-12 05:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoC0vercl0k/CVE-2022-28281
    Published Apr 8, 2022

    PoC for CVE-2022-28281 a Mozilla Firefox Out of bounds write.

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2022-28281?
CVE-2022-28281 is a high vulnerability published on December 22, 2022. If a compromised content process sent an unexpected number of WebAuthN Extensions in a Register command to the parent process, an out of bounds write would have occurred leading to memory corruption and a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 91.8, Firefox < 99,…
When was CVE-2022-28281 disclosed?
CVE-2022-28281 was first published on December 22, 2022, with the most recent update on April 15, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2022-28281 actively exploited?
CVE-2022-28281 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (84th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-28281?
CVE-2022-28281 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2022-28281?
A fix for CVE-2022-28281 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2022-28281 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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