CVE-2021-40426

HIGHNVD 8.88.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 8.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-04-15. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated
8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.2%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the sphere.c start_read() functionality of Sound Exchange libsox 14.4.2 and master commit 42b3557e. A specially-crafted file can lead to a heap buffer overflow. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
71
EG Risk 71/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity88% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
2.2%
EPSS %ILE
82nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-20). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 14, 2022

Last Modified

June 24, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 25, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

[SECURITY] [DSA 5356-1] sox security update

https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5356
Web page

TALOS-2021-1434 || Cisco Talos Intelligence Group - Comprehensive Threat Intelligence

https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1434
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3315-1] sox security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/02/msg00009.html
Web page

oss-security - sox: patches for old vulnerabilities

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/02/03/3

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibsox-fmt-oss (14.4.2-3ubuntu0.18.04.2) @ bionic2026-10-21ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
sox14.4.2+git20190427-1
  • every version up to 14.4.2+git20190427-1+deb10u1: fixed in 14.4.2+git20190427-1+deb10u1
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
sox14.4.2+git20190427-2
  • every version up to 14.4.2+git20190427-2+deb11u1: fixed in 14.4.2+git20190427-2+deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
sox—
  • every version up to 14.4.2+git20190427-3.1: fixed in 14.4.2+git20190427-3.1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
sox—
  • every version up to 14.4.2+git20190427-3.1: fixed in 14.4.2+git20190427-3.1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 38× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 204 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 109 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-21 09:02 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-21 09:02 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-21 09:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5x4j-m9qh-g9w5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.8
  7. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 08:54 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-16 21:24 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-12 19:10 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-11 23:36 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
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  25. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
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  1. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  3. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  4. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  5. 2026-09-30 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  7. 2026-09-29 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  8. 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  9. 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  10. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  11. 2026-09-26 00:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  12. 2026-09-25 00:54 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  14. 2026-09-23 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  15. 2026-09-22 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  16. 2026-09-21 20:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
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  18. 2026-09-19 15:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
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  21. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  22. 2026-09-15 03:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  23. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  24. 2026-09-11 14:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  25. 2026-09-11 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  26. 2026-09-08 21:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  27. 2026-09-07 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  28. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  29. 2026-09-05 16:25 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  31. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
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  37. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  38. 2026-08-28 21:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  39. 2026-08-27 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  40. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  41. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  42. 2026-08-24 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  43. 2026-08-23 00:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  44. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  45. 2026-08-20 22:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  46. 2026-08-19 17:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  47. 2026-08-19 03:29 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-08-18 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  49. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  50. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  51. 2026-08-16 02:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  52. 2026-08-15 01:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  53. 2026-08-13 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  54. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 80th percentile
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  56. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 80th percentile
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  62. 2026-08-03 22:57 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-08-03 10:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 80th percentile
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-40426?
CVE-2021-40426 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 14, 2022. A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the sphere.c start_read() functionality of Sound Exchange libsox 14.4.2 and master commit 42b3557e. A specially-crafted file can lead to a heap buffer overflow. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
When was CVE-2021-40426 made public?
CVE-2021-40426 was made public on March 23, 2022: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Talos, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 14, 2022. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 24, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2021-40426 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-40426 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (82nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-40426?
CVE-2021-40426 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-40426?
A fix for CVE-2021-40426 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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