CVE-2021-31196

CRITICALNVD 7.29.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2024-08-21), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 7.2 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 54%CVSS: 7.2Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · epss top5pct · epss highExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

CVSS v3
7.2
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
96
EG Risk 96/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
EPSS PROB
54%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

CISA SSVCAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.

A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

July 14, 2021

Last Modified

August 10, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jun 11, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: microsoft, cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-31196
microsoft Patch Available

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center. Patch available via Microsoft Security Update

https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31196

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2021-31196(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 91× in last 7d / 381× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,555 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-04 08:16 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-04 08:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-10-04 03:54 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-04 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-10-03 23:30 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-03 23:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-10-03 19:08 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-03 19:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-10-03 14:46 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-03 14:46 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-03 14:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-10-03 10:25 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-03 10:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-10-03 06:03 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-03 06:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-10-03 01:41 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-03 01:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-10-02 21:19 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-02 21:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-10-02 16:56 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-02 16:56 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-02 16:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-10-02 16:22 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-02 12:34 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-02 12:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-10-02 08:13 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-02 08:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-10-02 03:48 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-02 03:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-10-01 23:25 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-01 23:25 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-01 23:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-10-01 19:00 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-01 19:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-10-01 14:38 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-01 14:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-10-01 10:16 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-01 10:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-10-01 05:54 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-01 05:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-10-01 01:32 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-01 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-09-30 21:10 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-30 21:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-30 16:48 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-09-30 16:48 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-09-30 16:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-09-30 12:26 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-09-30 12:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-09-30 08:02 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-09-30 08:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-09-30 03:40 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-09-30 03:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-09-29 23:17 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-09-29 23:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-09-29 18:54 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-09-29 18:54 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-09-29 18:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  38. 2026-09-29 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-09-29 14:30 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-09-29 14:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-09-29 10:09 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-09-29 10:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-09-29 05:45 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-09-29 05:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-09-29 01:23 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-29 01:23 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-09-29 01:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-09-28 21:02 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-09-28 21:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-09-28 16:40 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-09-28 16:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-09-28 12:16 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-09-28 12:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-09-28 07:54 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-09-28 07:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-09-28 03:32 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-09-28 03:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-09-27 23:10 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-09-27 23:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-09-27 21:51 UTCCISA KEV update
  61. 2026-09-27 18:48 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-09-27 18:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-09-27 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-09-27 14:26 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-09-27 14:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-09-27 10:04 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-09-27 10:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-09-27 05:43 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-09-27 05:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-09-27 01:21 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-09-27 01:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-09-26 20:58 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-09-26 20:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-09-26 16:37 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2021-31196?
CVE-2021-31196 is a critical vulnerability published on July 14, 2021. Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
When was CVE-2021-31196 disclosed?
CVE-2021-31196 was first published on July 14, 2021, with the most recent update on August 10, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2021-31196 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2021-31196 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on August 21, 2024, affecting Microsoft Exchange Server. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-31196?
CVE-2021-31196 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.2 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2021-31196?
CVE-2021-31196 affects Microsoft Exchange Server.
How do I remediate CVE-2021-31196?
A fix for CVE-2021-31196 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2021-31196 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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