CVE-2021-23639

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 5.3% (92nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 5.4%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The package md-to-pdf before 5.0.0 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to utilizing the library gray-matter to parse front matter content, without disabling the JS engine.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
51
EG Risk 51/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation5% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
5.4%
EPSS %ILE
92nd
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact total (CVSS ≥ 9.0). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

December 10, 2021

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 4, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in md-to-pdf | CVE-2021-23639 | Snyk

https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-MDTOPDF-1657880
generic

Security: gray-matter exposes front matter JS-engine that leads to arbitrary code execution · Issue #99 · simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf · GitHub

https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/issues/99
github_commit Patch Available

commit a716259c548c (simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf)

Patch available: simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf v5.0.0 (contains commit a716259c548c)

https://github.com/simonhaenisch/md-to-pdf/commit/a716259c548c82fa1d3b14a3422e9100619d2d8a

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
md-to-pdf—
  • every version up to 5.0.0: fixed in 5.0.0
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 174 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-07 23:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-10-06 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-10-04 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-10-02 16:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-30 15:31 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-26 00:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-25 11:06 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-23 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-09-22 14:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-09-21 20:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-09-19 15:37 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-18 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-17 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-16 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-15 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-13 16:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-11 09:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-10 09:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-08 21:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-07 15:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-06 02:30 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-04 05:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-02 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-09-01 03:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-30 19:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-28 21:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-27 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-23 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-08-20 22:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-19 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-08-19 13:32 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-08-18 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-08-17 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-16 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-08-16 02:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-15 01:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-13 21:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-08-11 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-09 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-08 16:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-07 16:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-06 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-08-05 19:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-08-04 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-08-04 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-08-04 09:27 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-08-03 10:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-08-01 04:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-30 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-30 01:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-30 01:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-25 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-23 01:57 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-07-22 22:44 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-07-22 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-21 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-21 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-18 10:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-18 06:29 UTCOSV refresh
  67. 2026-07-16 17:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-15 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-13 22:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-07-13 22:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-13 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-07-13 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-12 05:44 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product)

Same product

1 shown

npm:md-to-pdf

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-23639?
CVE-2021-23639 is a critical vulnerability published on December 10, 2021. The package md-to-pdf before 5.0.0 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) due to utilizing the library gray-matter to parse front matter content, without disabling the JS engine.
When was CVE-2021-23639 disclosed?
CVE-2021-23639 was first published on December 10, 2021, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2021-23639 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-23639 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 5.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (92nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-23639?
CVE-2021-23639 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-23639?
A fix for CVE-2021-23639 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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