CVE-2019-5421

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.6% (74th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.6%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Plataformatec Devise version 4.5.0 and earlier, using the lockable module contains a CWE-367 vulnerability in The Devise::Models::Lockable class, more specifically at the #increment_failed_attempts method. File location: lib/devise/models/lockable.rb that can result in Multiple concurrent requests can prevent an attacker from being blocked on brute force attacks. This attack appear to be exploitable via Network connectivity - brute force attacks. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 4.6.0 and later.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
49
EG Risk 49/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation2% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.6%
EPSS %ILE
74th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact total (CVSS ≥ 9.0). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

April 3, 2019

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 5, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_pr.
github_pr Patch Available

Make `#increment_failed_attempts` concurrency safe

Patch available: plataformatec/devise v4.6.0 (PR #4996 merged 2018-12-28)

https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/pull/4996
generic

Small security issue with :lockable · Issue #4981 · heartcombo/devise · GitHub

https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/issues/4981

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-devise—
  • every version up to 4.5.0-3: fixed in 4.5.0-3
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-devise—
  • every version up to 4.5.0-3: fixed in 4.5.0-3
—
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
devise0.1.0 ... 4.5.0 (153 versions)
  • every version up to 4.6.0: fixed in 4.6.0
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 26× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 160 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-09 20:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-07 23:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-06 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-30 14:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-30 10:25 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-09-28 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-28 10:32 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-09-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-26 00:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-09-12 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-09-11 09:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-08 21:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-08 14:04 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-09-07 15:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-09-04 13:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-02 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-01 03:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-30 01:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-27 14:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-22 00:41 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-08-19 17:00 UTCEPSS rescore
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  18. 2026-08-15 01:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-13 21:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-09 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-08 16:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-07 16:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-06 05:51 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-08-05 19:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-04 15:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-04 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-03 10:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-07-25 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-07-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-23 01:45 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-07-22 22:27 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-07-22 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-21 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-21 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-20 19:02 UTCOSV refresh
  44. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  47. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  49. 2026-07-18 10:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-15 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-13 22:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  62. 2026-07-09 19:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-08 15:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-07 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-06 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  67. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-04 06:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-03 14:26 UTCOSV refresh
  72. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-30 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-5421?
CVE-2019-5421 is a critical vulnerability published on April 3, 2019. Plataformatec Devise version 4.5.0 and earlier, using the lockable module contains a CWE-367 vulnerability in The Devise::Models::Lockable class, more specifically at the #incrementfailedattempts method. File location: lib/devise/models/lockable.rb that can result in Multiple concurrent requests…
When was CVE-2019-5421 disclosed?
CVE-2019-5421 was first published on April 3, 2019, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2019-5421 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-5421 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (74th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-5421?
CVE-2019-5421 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-5421?
A fix for CVE-2019-5421 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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