CVE-2019-15894

MEDIUMNVD 6.86.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (36th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
6.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 6.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2019 — isolate the affected system (restrict network access to it, for example with a firewall, or keep it off the internet) or retire the product.

An issue was discovered in Espressif ESP-IDF 2.x, 3.0.x through 3.0.9, 3.1.x through 3.1.6, 3.2.x through 3.2.3, and 3.3.x through 3.3.1. An attacker who uses fault injection to physically disrupt the ESP32 CPU can bypass the Secure Boot digest verification at startup, and boot unverified code from flash. The fault injection attack does not disable the Flash Encryption feature, so if the ESP32 is configured with the recommended combination of Secure Boot and Flash Encryption, then the impact is minimized. If the ESP32 is configured without Flash Encryption then successful fault injection allows arbitrary code execution. To protect devices with Flash Encryption and Secure Boot enabled against this attack, a firmware change must be made to permanently enable Flash Encryption in the field if it is not already permanently enabled.

CVSS v3
6.8
EG Score
6.8MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity68% × 45%
The EG Score, 6.8 of 10.
Exploitation0% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability30% × 15%
EchelonGraph's default before algorithm v3.4: CISA had not published Automatable for this CVE.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact partial (CVSS below 9.0). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2019. Isolate the affected system within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (restrict network access to it, for example with a firewall, or keep it off the internet) or retire the product. The CVE record references a mitigation: https://www.espressif.com/en/news/Espressif_Security_Advisory_Concerning_Fault_Injection_and_Secure_Boot.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
36th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix has been recorded since the CVE record was published in 2019. Isolate the affected system within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (restrict network access to it, for example with a firewall, or keep it off the internet) or retire the product. The CVE record references a mitigation: https://www.espressif.com/en/news/Espressif_Security_Advisory_Concerning_Fault_Injection_and_Secure_Boot.

Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact partial (CVSS below 9.0). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

Published

October 7, 2019

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (1)

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 26× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 93 of 159 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 7 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 66 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-11 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  2. 2026-10-10 19:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  3. 2026-10-09 20:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  4. 2026-10-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  5. 2026-10-07 23:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  6. 2026-10-06 15:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  7. 2026-10-05 17:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  8. 2026-10-04 23:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  9. 2026-10-03 14:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  10. 2026-09-30 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  11. 2026-09-30 10:12 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-09-28 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  13. 2026-09-27 17:43 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-09-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  15. 2026-09-26 15:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
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  17. 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  18. 2026-09-23 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  19. 2026-09-21 20:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  20. 2026-09-20 20:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
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  24. 2026-09-15 03:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  25. 2026-09-13 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
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  1. 2026-09-12 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  2. 2026-09-11 14:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  3. 2026-09-08 21:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  4. 2026-09-08 02:45 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-09-07 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  6. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  7. 2026-09-05 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  8. 2026-09-04 13:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  9. 2026-09-04 05:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  10. 2026-09-02 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  11. 2026-09-01 03:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  12. 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  13. 2026-08-30 01:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  14. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  15. 2026-08-27 14:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  16. 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  17. 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  18. 2026-08-21 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  19. 2026-08-21 13:14 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-08-20 22:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  21. 2026-08-19 17:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  22. 2026-08-18 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  23. 2026-08-17 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  24. 2026-08-16 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  25. 2026-08-16 02:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
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  27. 2026-08-13 21:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  28. 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  29. 2026-08-09 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  30. 2026-08-08 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  31. 2026-08-07 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  32. 2026-08-06 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  33. 2026-08-05 23:54 UTCOSV refresh
  34. 2026-08-05 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  35. 2026-08-04 15:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  36. 2026-08-04 10:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  37. 2026-08-03 10:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  38. 2026-08-02 02:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
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  40. 2026-07-30 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
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  42. 2026-07-28 15:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  43. 2026-07-26 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  44. 2026-07-25 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
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  46. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  47. 2026-07-23 01:41 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-07-22 22:20 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-07-22 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
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  51. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  52. 2026-07-20 04:10 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
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  63. 2026-07-08 15:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
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  68. 2026-07-04 06:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-15894?
CVE-2019-15894 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 7, 2019. An issue was discovered in Espressif ESP-IDF 2.x, 3.0.x through 3.0.9, 3.1.x through 3.1.6, 3.2.x through 3.2.3, and 3.3.x through 3.3.1. An attacker who uses fault injection to physically disrupt the ESP32 CPU can bypass the Secure Boot digest verification at startup, and boot unverified code from…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2019-15894 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2019-15894 was published on October 7, 2019. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2019-15894 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-15894 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (36th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-15894?
CVE-2019-15894 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-15894?
No fix for CVE-2019-15894 has been recorded since its CVE record was published in 2019, and EchelonGraph holds no vendor advisory for it. Isolate the affected system (restrict network access to it, for example with a firewall, or keep it off the internet) or retire the product. The CVE record references a mitigation: https://www.espressif.com/en/news/Espressif_Security_Advisory_Concerning_Fault_Injection_and_Secure_Boot.

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