CVE-2018-9948

HIGHNVD 6.58.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 8.0 because EPSS predicted 63% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 6.5 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized
8.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 63%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, Exploit-DB, marked verified by Exploit-DB, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 63%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: Metasploit · Exploit-DB (verified) · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.0.29935. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of typed arrays. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of a pointer prior to accessing it. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5380.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
8.0HIGHhigh confidence
EG Risk
55
EG Risk 55/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation65% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.
EPSS PROB
63%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
63% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-21). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 17, 2018

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (4)

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 24× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 83 of 101 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 17 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 18 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-10-21 19:13 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-21 19:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-589f-765p-q2h4 · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  4. 2026-10-21 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-10-20 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-10-19 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 09:59 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-16 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-10-14 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  12. 2026-10-13 01:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-589f-765p-q2h4 · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  13. 2026-10-12 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-12 00:30 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-10-10 19:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-10-09 20:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-10-07 23:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-06 15:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-10-01 19:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-09-30 10:06 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-09-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 15:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 63% · 99th percentile
Show 58 more
  1. 2026-09-21 20:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 51% · 98th percentile
  2. 2026-09-18 19:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  3. 2026-09-17 19:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-09-15 03:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-09-13 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-09-11 09:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-09-04 13:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-09-02 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-08-30 01:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 51% · 98th percentile
  12. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 51% · 98th percentile
  13. 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  14. 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  15. 2026-08-24 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-08-21 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-08-20 22:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-08-19 17:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-08-16 02:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-08-15 01:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-08-13 21:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  22. 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-08-07 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-08-06 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-08-04 15:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-07-30 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-07-30 01:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-07-28 15:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  29. 2026-07-26 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-07-25 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-07-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  32. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-07-23 01:38 UTCEG score recompute▲ 1.50
  34. 2026-07-22 22:18 UTCEG score recompute▼ 2.50
  35. 2026-07-22 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-07-21 15:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-07-13 22:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-07-12 05:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-07-09 19:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  45. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  48. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 64% · 99th percentile
  55. 2026-06-14 23:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-06-10 22:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(4 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 2 Exploit-DB entries, 1 GitHub PoC). No release with the fix is confirmed, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is applied.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-45269✓ verified
    Published Aug 27, 2018

    Foxit PDF Reader 9.0.1.1049 - Pointer Overwrite Use-After-Free (Metasploit)

    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitexploit/windows/fileformat/foxit_reader_uaf✓ verified
    Published Aug 23, 2018

    Foxit PDF Reader Pointer Overwrite UAF

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-44941✓ verified
    Published Jun 25, 2018

    Foxit Reader 9.0.1.1049 - Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCmanojcode/Foxit-Reader-RCE-with-virualalloc-and-shellcode-for-CVE-2018-9948-and-CVE-2018-9958
    Published Aug 4, 2018

    Foxit Reader version 9.0.1.1049 Use After Free with ASLR and DEP bypass on heap

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2018-9948?
CVE-2018-9948 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 17, 2018. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.0.29935. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within…
When was CVE-2018-9948 made public?
CVE-2018-9948 was made public on April 20, 2018: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Zero Day Initiative, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on May 17, 2018. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2018-9948 actively exploited?
CVE-2018-9948 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it, and Exploit-DB marks a public exploit for it as verified. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 63% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-9948?
CVE-2018-9948 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 8.0 (HIGH).
How do I remediate CVE-2018-9948?
A fix for CVE-2018-9948 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Dependency Blast Radius

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