CVE-2018-16396

HIGHNVD 8.18.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 8.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-05-13. NVD baseline CVSS 8.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
8.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 8.0%CVSS: 8.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

An issue was discovered in Ruby before 2.3.8, 2.4.x before 2.4.5, 2.5.x before 2.5.2, and 2.6.x before 2.6.0-preview3. It does not taint strings that result from unpacking tainted strings with some formats.

CVSS v3
8.1
EG Score
8.1HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity81% × 45%
Exploitation8% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
8.0%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact partial (CVSS below 9.0). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

November 16, 2018

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
generic

NetApp Product Security

https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190221-0002/
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 1558-1] ruby2.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00020.html
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2028
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3731
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3730
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3729

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2018-16396(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubunturuby2.3-tcltk (2.3.1-2~16.04.11) @ xenial2026-05-28ubuntu
redhatruby-0:2.0.0.648-38.el7_62020-07-07redhat
redhatruby-0:2.0.0.648-37.el7_42020-06-30redhat
redhatruby-0:2.0.0.648-36.el72019-08-06redhat
redhatrh-ruby24-ruby-0:2.4.5-91.el72018-11-29redhat
redhatrh-ruby25-ruby-0:2.5.3-6.el72018-11-29redhat
redhatrh-ruby23-ruby-0:2.3.8-69.el72018-11-29redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(22 across 22 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.15(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.16(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.17(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.18(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.4(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.3.8-r0: fixed in 2.3.8-r0
—
Alpine:v3.5(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.3.8-r0: fixed in 2.3.8-r0
—
Alpine:v3.6(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.4.5-r0: fixed in 2.4.5-r0
—
Alpine:v3.7(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.4.5-r0: fixed in 2.4.5-r0
—
Alpine:v3.8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Alpine:v3.9(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby—
  • 2.3.0 up to 2.5.2-r0: fixed in 2.5.2-r0
—
Debian:8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby2.12.1.5-2 ... 2.1.5-2+deb8u5 (6 versions)
  • every version up to 2.1.5-2+deb8u6: fixed in 2.1.5-2+deb8u6
—
Debian:9(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby2.32.3.3-1, 2.3.3-1+deb9u1, 2.3.3-1+deb9u2, 2.3.3-1+deb9u3
  • every version up to 2.3.3-1+deb9u4: fixed in 2.3.3-1+deb9u4
—

Additional Vendor Advisories

(6)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 4× in last 7d / 26× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 160 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-05 17:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-03 14:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-30 14:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-30 09:55 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-28 16:43 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-09-28 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-09-08 21:34 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-09-07 15:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-09-06 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
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  15. 2026-08-22 06:37 UTCOSV refresh
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  27. 2026-08-08 16:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  31. 2026-08-06 09:40 UTCOSV refresh
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  43. 2026-07-23 01:34 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-07-22 22:14 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-21 15:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-21 02:47 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  50. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  70. 2026-07-03 21:56 UTCOSV refresh
  71. 2026-07-02 16:54 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2018-16396?
CVE-2018-16396 is a high vulnerability published on November 16, 2018. An issue was discovered in Ruby before 2.3.8, 2.4.x before 2.4.5, 2.5.x before 2.5.2, and 2.6.x before 2.6.0-preview3. It does not taint strings that result from unpacking tainted strings with some formats.
When was CVE-2018-16396 disclosed?
CVE-2018-16396 was first published on November 16, 2018, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2018-16396 actively exploited?
CVE-2018-16396 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 8.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-16396?
CVE-2018-16396 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2018-16396?
A fix for CVE-2018-16396 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2018-16396 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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