CVE-2018-16152

HIGHNVD 7.57.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-05-13. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In verify_emsa_pkcs1_signature() in gmp_rsa_public_key.c in the gmp plugin in strongSwan 4.x and 5.x before 5.7.0, the RSA implementation based on GMP does not reject excess data in the digestAlgorithm.parameters field during PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification. Consequently, a remote attacker can forge signatures when small public exponents are being used, which could lead to impersonation when only an RSA signature is used for IKEv2 authentication. This is a variant of CVE-2006-4790 and CVE-2014-1568.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5(medium)
EG Risk
50(Track)
EG Risk 50/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity75% × 45%
Exploitation2% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
2%
EPSS %ILE
78%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 26, 2018

Last Modified

December 3, 2025

References (16)

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntustrongswan-tnc-server (5.3.5-1ubuntu3.7) @ xenial2026-05-28ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(26 across 26 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.15(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.16(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.17(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.18(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Alpine:v3.5(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.5.3-r2—
Alpine:v3.6(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.5.3-r2—
Alpine:v3.7(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.6.3-r1—
Alpine:v3.8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.6.3-r2—
Alpine:v3.9(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-r0—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-1—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-1—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-1—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan—5.7.0-1—
Debian:8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan5.2.1-6 ... 5.2.1-6+deb8u6 (9 versions)5.2.1-6+deb8u7—
Debian:9(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
strongswan5.5.1-4, 5.5.1-4+deb9u1, 5.5.1-4+deb9u25.5.1-4+deb9u3—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 27× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 138 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-07 15:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-06 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-05 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-04 13:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-04 05:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-02 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-02 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-01 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-01 03:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-27 14:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-26 14:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-25 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-23 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-22 09:07 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-08-21 23:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-20 22:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-19 17:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-18 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-17 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-16 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-16 02:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-15 01:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-13 21:56 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-12 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-11 13:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-08 16:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-07 16:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-06 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-06 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-06 12:10 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-08-04 15:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-02 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-01 04:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-30 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-30 01:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-28 15:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-26 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-26 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-23 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-23 01:34 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-07-22 22:14 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-21 15:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-21 05:17 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-15 01:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-07-13 22:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-07-13 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-07-12 05:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-07-11 08:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-09 19:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-08 15:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-07-07 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-07-07 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-04 06:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-04 00:26 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-07-02 16:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-29 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-22 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-19 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-15 12:43 UTCOSV refresh

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2018-16152?
CVE-2018-16152 is a high vulnerability published on September 26, 2018. In verifyemsapkcs1signature() in gmprsapublickey.c in the gmp plugin in strongSwan 4.x and 5.x before 5.7.0, the RSA implementation based on GMP does not reject excess data in the digestAlgorithm.parameters field during PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification. Consequently, a remote attacker can forge…
When was CVE-2018-16152 disclosed?
CVE-2018-16152 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 26, 2018, with the most recent update on December 3, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2018-16152 actively exploited?
CVE-2018-16152 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 21.8% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-16152?
CVE-2018-16152 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2018-16152?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2018-16152, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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