CVE-2018-11776

CRITICALNVD 8.19.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.1 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, nvd
Exploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 100%CVSS: 8.1Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · Metasploit · Exploit-DB (verified) · epss top5pct · epss high · public exploitExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.

CVSS v3
8.1
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
81
EG Risk 81/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.
EPSS PROB
100%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

CISA SSVCTrack at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

August 22, 2018

Last Modified

October 27, 2025

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Jun 3, 2026
Patch available.
generic

GitHub - hook-s3c/CVE-2018-11776-Python-PoC: Working Python test and PoC for CVE-2018-11776, includes Docker lab · GitHub

https://github.com/hook-s3c/CVE-2018-11776-Python-PoC
generic

S2-057 - Apache Struts 2 Wiki - Apache Software Foundation

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-057
generic
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041888
generic
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041547
generic
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105125
generic

Packet Storm

http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172830/Apache-Struts-Remote-Code-Execution.html

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.struts:struts2-core2.5 ... 2.5.8 (12 versions)
  • 2.0.4 up to 2.3.35: fixed in 2.3.35
  • 2.5 up to 2.5.17: fixed in 2.5.17
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 0× in last 7d / 13× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-09-28 21:32 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-09-27 21:51 UTCCISA KEV update
  3. 2026-09-25 19:35 UTCCISA KEV update
  4. 2026-09-25 14:55 UTCCISA KEV update
  5. 2026-09-24 19:31 UTCCISA KEV update
  6. 2026-09-22 19:36 UTCCISA KEV update
  7. 2026-09-21 19:09 UTCCISA KEV update
  8. 2026-09-18 19:20 UTCCISA KEV update
  9. 2026-09-18 14:15 UTCCISA KEV update
  10. 2026-09-16 14:10 UTCCISA KEV update
  11. 2026-09-14 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  12. 2026-09-11 18:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  13. 2026-09-10 19:28 UTCCISA KEV update
  14. 2026-09-09 19:08 UTCCISA KEV update
  15. 2026-09-08 18:54 UTCCISA KEV update
  16. 2026-09-04 17:38 UTCCISA KEV update
  17. 2026-09-04 06:01 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-04 05:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-02 17:33 UTCCISA KEV update
  20. 2026-08-31 14:19 UTCCISA KEV update
  21. 2026-08-29 01:07 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-27 17:22 UTCCISA KEV update
  24. 2026-08-26 17:41 UTCCISA KEV update
  25. 2026-08-24 18:52 UTCCISA KEV update
Show 67 more
  1. 2026-08-24 15:46 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-08-23 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-08-23 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-21 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  5. 2026-08-20 17:06 UTCCISA KEV update
  6. 2026-08-19 17:33 UTCCISA KEV update
  7. 2026-08-18 16:58 UTCCISA KEV update
  8. 2026-08-17 13:56 UTCCISA KEV update
  9. 2026-08-16 05:12 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-08-16 02:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-11 19:32 UTCCISA KEV update
  12. 2026-08-07 17:09 UTCCISA KEV update
  13. 2026-08-05 17:25 UTCCISA KEV update
  14. 2026-08-04 17:02 UTCCISA KEV update
  15. 2026-08-03 19:22 UTCCISA KEV update
  16. 2026-07-30 11:58 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-07-29 19:27 UTCCISA KEV update
  18. 2026-07-27 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  19. 2026-07-27 17:17 UTCCISA KEV update
  20. 2026-07-26 13:37 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-07-26 02:26 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-07-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-23 01:32 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-07-22 22:12 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  26. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  27. 2026-07-17 10:16 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  29. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  32. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  33. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  34. 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
  35. 2026-07-10 17:52 UTCCISA KEV update
  36. 2026-07-07 19:01 UTCCISA KEV update
  37. 2026-07-07 17:16 UTCCISA KEV update
  38. 2026-07-01 19:16 UTCCISA KEV update
  39. 2026-06-29 19:12 UTCCISA KEV update
  40. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-25 19:15 UTCCISA KEV update
  42. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-23 17:44 UTCCISA KEV update
  45. 2026-06-18 16:13 UTCCISA KEV update
  46. 2026-06-16 19:33 UTCCISA KEV update
  47. 2026-06-15 19:33 UTCCISA KEV update
  48. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-12 17:35 UTCCISA KEV update
  50. 2026-06-11 19:10 UTCCISA KEV update
  51. 2026-06-11 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-09 18:42 UTCCISA KEV update
  53. 2026-06-09 17:12 UTCCISA KEV update
  54. 2026-06-08 19:16 UTCCISA KEV update
  55. 2026-06-08 17:26 UTCCISA KEV update
  56. 2026-06-05 22:43 UTCCISA KEV update
  57. 2026-06-03 19:09 UTCCISA KEV update
  58. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-02 18:32 UTCCISA KEV update
  61. 2026-06-01 20:42 UTCCISA KEV update
  62. 2026-05-29 22:20 UTCCISA KEV update
  63. 2026-05-27 20:35 UTCCISA KEV update
  64. 2026-05-26 19:24 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-05-26 19:13 UTCCISA KEV update
  66. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(10 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module) (6 GitHub PoCs) (3 Exploit-DB entries). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-45367✓ verified
    First seen Sep 10, 2018

    Apache Struts 2 - Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection (Metasploit)

    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitexploit/multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl✓ verified
    First seen Aug 22, 2018

    Apache Struts 2 Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCarlyone/Apache-Struts-0Day-Exploit
    First seen Oct 10, 2019

    Critical Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2018-11776) Found in Apache Struts.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoC649/Apache-Struts-Shodan-Exploit
    First seen Aug 29, 2018

    This tool takes advantage of CVE-2018-11776 and Shodan to perform mass exploitation of verified and vulnerable Apache Struts servers.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCbrianwrf/S2-057-CVE-2018-11776
    First seen Aug 28, 2018

    A simple exploit for Apache Struts RCE S2-057 (CVE-2018-11776)

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCEkultek/Strutter
    First seen Aug 27, 2018

    Proof of Concept for CVE-2018-11776

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-45260
    First seen Aug 26, 2018

    Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (1)

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-45262
    First seen Aug 25, 2018

    Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (2)

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCbhdresh/CVE-2018-11776
    First seen Aug 25, 2018

    Vulnerable docker container for CVE-2018-11776

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCknqyf263/CVE-2018-11776
    First seen Aug 25, 2018

    Environment for CVE-2018-11776 / S2-057 (Apache Struts 2)

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product)

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2018-11776?
CVE-2018-11776 is a critical vulnerability published on August 22, 2018. Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace…
When was CVE-2018-11776 disclosed?
CVE-2018-11776 was first published on August 22, 2018, with the most recent update on October 27, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2018-11776 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2018-11776 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on November 3, 2021, affecting Apache Struts. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-11776?
CVE-2018-11776 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2018-11776?
CVE-2018-11776 affects Apache Struts. The affected packages EchelonGraph has on record, with version ranges, are listed in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2018-11776?
A fix for CVE-2018-11776 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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