CVE-2016-4578

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2022-05-14. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) snd_timer_user_ccallback and (2) snd_timer_user_tinterrupt functions.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EG Risk
45(Track)
EG Risk 45/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity55% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
65.0%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 23, 2016

Last Modified

May 6, 2026

References (62)

Patch Availability(15)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-image-extra-3.19.0-64-generic (3.19.0-64.72~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-extra-3.16.0-76-generic (3.16.0-76.98~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-3.13.0-91-generic (3.13.0-91.138~precise1) @ precise2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-extra-3.13.0-91-generic (3.13.0-91.138) @ trusty2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-4.4.0-1019-snapdragon (4.4.0-1019.22) @ xenial2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-generic (4.4.0-28.47~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-extra-4.2.0-41-generic (4.2.0-41.48~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-4.2.0-1033-raspi2 (4.2.0-1033.43) @ wily2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-3.2.0-1483-omap4 (3.2.0-1483.110) @ precise2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-4.4.0-1016-raspi2 (4.4.0-1016.22) @ xenial2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-3.2.0-105-omap (3.2.0-105.146) @ precise2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-4.2.0-41-generic-lpae (4.2.0-41.48) @ wily2026-05-22ubuntu
ubuntulinux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-generic (4.4.0-28.47) @ xenial2026-05-22ubuntu
redhatkernel-0:3.10.0-514.el72016-11-03redhat
redhatkernel-rt-0:3.10.0-514.rt56.420.el72016-11-03redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

All Vendor Advisories

(15)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 104 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 01:23 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-07-22 22:02 UTCEG score recompute
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  44. 2026-06-06 19:29 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
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  67. 2026-05-22 20:14 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-05-22 20:14 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-05-22 20:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-05-21 22:40 UTCEPSS rescore
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Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-46529
    First seen Mar 11, 2019

    Linux Kernel 4.4 (Ubuntu 16.04) - 'snd_timer_user_ccallback()' Kernel Pointer Leak

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2016-4578?
CVE-2016-4578 is a medium vulnerability published on May 23, 2016. sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) sndtimeruserccallback and (2) sndtimerusertinterrupt…
When was CVE-2016-4578 disclosed?
CVE-2016-4578 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 23, 2016, with the most recent update on May 6, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2016-4578 actively exploited?
CVE-2016-4578 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 65.0% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2016-4578?
CVE-2016-4578 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2016-4578?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2016-4578, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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