🏛️NIST 800-53 AC-3high

Access Enforcement

Description

Enforce approved authorizations for access to information and systems using RBAC.

⚠️ Risk Impact

Without access enforcement, authorization policies are meaningless.

🔧 Remediation

Implement RBAC with least privilege. EchelonGraph scans IAM policies for enforcement.

💀 Real-World Attack Scenario

A federal agency had an access control policy but no technical enforcement. IAM policies granted 'AdministratorAccess' to 47 users including contractors who only needed read access. A compromised contractor account was used to modify security group rules, disable GuardDuty, and exfiltrate sensitive PII.

💰 Cost of Non-Compliance

FISMA audit finding for AC-3: Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M) required. Unresolved POA&Ms can result in loss of ATO. Average POA&M remediation: $500K-$2M.

📋 Audit Questions

  • 1.How are IAM policies tested for correct enforcement?
  • 2.Show RBAC role definitions and their mapped permissions.
  • 3.Are there any users with permissions exceeding their documented role?

🎯 MITRE ATT&CK Mapping

T1078 — Valid AccountsT1548 — Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism

⚡ Common Pitfalls

  • Access policies documented but not translated into technical IAM controls
  • Using broad managed policies instead of custom least-privilege policies
  • Not testing that IAM policies actually deny unauthorized actions

📈 Business Value

AC-3 enforcement transforms paper policies into actual security. It's the bridge between governance documentation and real-world protection.

⏱️ Effort Estimate

Manual

16-40 hours for IAM policy audit and remediation

With EchelonGraph

EchelonGraph scans IAM policies and identifies overly permissive configurations

🔗 Cross-Framework References

SOC2-CC6.1ISO27001-A.9.1.1

Automate NIST 800-53 AC-3 compliance

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